The thyroid gland is an essential part of the endocrine system, producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. “When these hormone levels become imbalanced, they can cause health issues. Hence, diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders is crucial for maintaining good health.”
KNOW THE DIFFERENCE:
Simply put, hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland is not sufficiently active, slowing down metabolism. “Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include weight gain, dry skin, hair, and nails, as well as constipation. Additionally, those with hypothyroidism often struggle with fatigue and increased sensitivity to cold. These symptoms can often develop slowly, making hypothyroidism difficult to detect at first, but they significantly impact overall well-being in due course.”
Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, is characterized by an overactive thyroid, which speeds metabolism. “This not only leads to weight loss, insomnia, and loose stools but also excessive sweating and anxiety. The symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism reflect the heightened activity within the body, as the thyroid gland produces too many hormones, over-stimulating various bodily functions.”
WHAT’S THE CAUSE:
Both conditions differ significantly. Hyperthyroidism is commonly caused by Grave’s disease, an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the thyroid. Other causes may include toxic nodular goitre (small masses within the thyroid), thyroiditis (thyroid inflammation, often due to virus), post-partum thyroiditis, or taking too much thyroid hormone.
Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, occurs when the thyroid either stops functioning correctly or is removed or destroyed due to medical conditions like caner. “Other potential causes include prior radioiodine or surgical treatments for hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer, previous radiation for cancers in the head and neck, certain pituitary gland disorders, congenital hypothyroidism (present from birth), and medications such as amiodarone, lithium and anti-epilepsy drugs”
THE ROLE OF REGULAR MONITORING:
Blood tests are crucial for an accurate diagnosis. “For hypothyroidism, the primary test measures the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood. If TSH is elevated, a follow-up test can check thyroid hormone levels, especially T4. If TSH levels are low, hypothyroidism is confirmed. In some cases, T3 levels are also measured. If TSH levels are elevated but T4 and T3 levels are normal, it may indicate subclinical hypothyroidism, a milder form of the condition. Besides, TSH testing is used to monitor and adjust treatment for hypothyroidism over time.”
Typically, the treatment for hypothyroidism requires a patient to take a thyroid hormone replacement dose daily. For hypothyroidism, treatment options include anti-thyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery (known as thyroidectomy) to excise a part of the thyroid gland or remove it entirely. “After surgery, patients may require thyroid hormone replacement medicines since may often develop hypothyroidism.”
All things considered, regular monitoring and appropriate treatment plans can help improve your thyroid health.