These drugs mimic natural hormones in the body, such as glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). GLP-1 slows down gut motility or the speed at which food leaves the stomach, making one feel full longer and reducing hunger. It also acts on the brain to increase feelings of satiety, reducing food intake and thereby aiding weight loss. GIP helps in insulin release, which helps control blood glucose levels.
I don’t think anyone should use it without medical supervision. These drugs have been tested in controlled trials with specific group of patients, so they may not work for everyone with diabetes or obesity. Let the doctor take a call on who can have it and who cannot.
Caution is needed for those suffering from pancreatitis, gastrointestinal disorders, severe psychiatric disorders or diabetic retinopathy.
The time it takes to lose weight depends on the individual. Clinical trials show these drugs can lead to a 15-20% reduction in body weight over 68-72 weeks, with noticeable results starting after 2-3 months. On an average, people can lose 10 kg within 3-6 months when combining medication with healthy eating and exercise. However, regaining weight is common after stopping medication. Studies show participants who discontinued these drugs regained about two-thirds of lost weight within a year. To maintain weight loss, long-term lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy are essential.
Short-term side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, gastritis, and bloating. Long-term effects are still being studied and that’s why we always suggest using the drugs under medical supervision.
They are preferred as they are more effective in controlling blood glucose and promoting weight loss. Additionally, they require only weekly dosing, making them more convenient than daily pills.
Not everyone needs weight-loss drugs. People with severe obesity should first try lifestyle changes like healthy eating and exercise. But those with obesity-related health issues such as diabetes may benefit from these medications. Even then, lifestyle changes are key to maintain results after stopping the drugs.
These medications offer a less invasive alternative to bariatric surgery for for many people with clinical obesity. They can lead to significant weight loss (15-22%) and improve health markers like blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol. However, they may not work for everyone, especially those with severe obesity or complications. In such cases, surgery may still be necessary. Doctors often start with medication and lifestyle changes before considering surgery in most cases.
