Hypertension is a disease. Primary Hypertension is a disease of the vascular system. Blood pressure values are permanently too high as 100/199.
- It is hypertension/arterial
- 90% organic hypertension not diagnosable
- This type of hypertension is called essential hypertension or primary hypertension.
SECONDARY HYPERTENSION:-
- 10% of those affected organic diseases.
- narrowing of renal arteries, the reason BP is too high.
- This is secondary hypertension and should be treated.
BLOOD PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION:-
- 120/80 – Normal BP
- 129/80 – Prehypertension – Elevated BP
- 139/80-89 – Prehypertension – Stage 1 Hypertension
- 159/99 – Stage 1 Hypertension- Stage 2 Hypertension
- 160/100 – Stage 2 Hypertension – Stage 2 Hypertension
Influenced by 30-40% genetic factors. 60-70% of environmental factors.
EXTERNAL FACTORS:-
- Overweight
- High Salt Intake
- High Alcohol Consumption
- Lack of exercise
- Chronic distress
- Low potassium intake
INTERNAL FACTORS:-
- Hyperactivity of sympotic nervous system
- Disorder of kidney function
- Disturbance of cell membrane
- Increase cell calcium
- Endothelial dysfunction
CAUSES OF HIGH BP (Overweight):-
A quarter of adults 23% of men and 24% of women are severely overweight.
CAUSES OF HIGH BP (Salt Intake):-
- 20-30% are sensitive to salt.
- 40% hypersensitive respond to increased salt intake with BP increase.
- Key factor in controlling BP in adults is 2-3 grams of salt per day, not more than 3 grams.
- Maximum salt is 5 grams per day.
- Average consumption for men is 10 grams and for women is 8.4 grams.
CAUSES OF HIGH BP (High alcohol consumption):-
- 30% of hypertension can be attributed to alcohol consumption.
- Reference value for health compatible intake is 20 grams alcohol for men and 10 grams alcohol for women.
COMPARSION:-
0.5 liters of beer = 20 grams of alcohol
CONSEQUENCES OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE:-
- Damage to your arteries (damaged and narrow arteries)
- Damage to your heart (coronary artery disease, aneurysm)
- Damage to your brain (transient ischemic attack TIA, stroke, dementia, mild cognitive impairment)
- Damage to your kidneys (kidney failure, kidney’s earring)
- Damage to your eyes (eye blood vessel damage, fluid build up under retina, nerve damage)
- Other possible dangers (bone loss, trouble sleeping)
- High BP emergencies – (memory loss, personality changes, trouble concentrating, irritability, progressive loss of consciousness, stroke, chest pain, heart attack, sudden loss of kidney function.)
CONSEQUENCES OF HYPERTENSION:-
(Heart failure and myocardial hypertrophy)
- Effectiveness of heart work reduced
- Heart can no longer provide required delivery
- Hypersensitive patients are 4 times higher risk of having heart failure.
CONSEQUENCES OF HYPERTENSION:-
(Ateriosclerosis)
- main risk factors of vascular
- arteries narrowing
CONSEQUENCES OF HYPERTENSION:-
(Stroke)
- Cerebrovascular accident
- 40% of strokes could be avoided within 2-3 years.
CONSEQUENCES OF HYPERTENSION:-
(Heart attack)
- High Blood Pressure is the main reason
- Hypersensitive are 3 times to have heart attack
CONSEQUENCES OF HYPERTENSION:-
(Renal insufficiency)
- Increased presser of getting renal insufficiency.
SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTI HYPERSENSITIVE DRUGS:-
(General)
- Low Blood Pressure
- Symptoms of Low BP
- 2/3rd patients need at least 2 drugs to lower BP
- Talk to doctor about side effects and benefits
- Lifestyle, exercise and nutrition to lower BP.
SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTI HYPERSENSITIVE DRUGS:-
(Beta Blockers)
- Eg – Propranolol, Metroprolol, Bisoprolol
- Can make you tired
- Dizziness, headaches and difficulty concentrating
- Slow down heart beat
- Slow down metabolism so you gain weight easily.
SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTI HYPERSENSITIVE DRUGS:-
(Ace Inhibitors)
- Eg – Captopril, Lisinopril, Enalapril, Ramipril
- Fatigue, dizziness, and headache, & indigestion
- Muscle cramps or pain are common
- Facial Swelling
- Dry irritating cough
- Shortness of breath
SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTI HYPERSENSITIVE DRUGS:-
(Sartances)
- Eg – Losartan, Valsartan, Candesartan
- Do not cause irritating cough
SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTI HYPERSENSITIVE DRUGS:-
(Calcium Antagonist)
- Nifedipin, Nitrendipin, & Felodipin
- Frequent headaches
- Water retention in the legs
- Dizziness and Nausea as well as erythema are common
WATER TABLETS:-
- Eg – Hydroehlorothiazide, xipanide, indapamide, parcially with amiloride triamterene
- Frequent disturbance in mineral balance
- Disorders in fat metabolism (Loss of appetite, nausea, rashes, and potency disorders)
- Dizziness when getting up
DIET TO REDUCE BLOOD PRESSURE:-
A. POTASSIUM-RICH FOODS:-
- deacidification
- potassium is an antongist of salt
- an excessive of potassium can’t be achieved with diet
LOW POTASSIUM DIET:-
High BP/Strokes – 3.5 grams of salt
- Legumes
- Fruits (Pears, Papayas, dates and Water melon)
- Dried fruits (Apricots, dates, figs, and raisins)
- Nuts (Walnuts)
B. COCOA:-
- dark chocolate (80% or more)
- regular consumption
- stir in cocoa powder (cereals, spreads, drinks)
C. FRESHLY PRESSED VEGETABLE JUICES:-
- nitrate content of beetroot (fennel, cabbage, spinach)
- 0.5 liter carrot juice
- Pomegranate juice (also hypotensive)
D. LESS SALT:-
- 8 to 12 grams of salt (Approx twice daily amount of 5 grams).
- 75% of salt comes from industrial food consequences
- ready meals, canned food, fast food, smoked, cured or snack items (large amounts of salt)
- spice your meals with herbal salt (Less salt)
- restriction reduced to 5 mg salt
E. OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS:-
- Linseed oil
- 30 grams of flaxseed meal
- Almonds/Walnuts
F. MAGNESIUM:-
- 960 milligrams of magnesium
G. COENZYME Q10:-
- Can reduce BP by 11 to 17 mmHg.
- Dosages vary from patient to patient between 15-360 milligrams daily
- Taking Coenzyme Q10 does not lower blood pressure immediately, but quite gradually.
H. I-ARGININE:-
- 3 grams of L-Arginine
- Pea protein
- Peanuts/Almonds
I. GARLIC EXTRACT:-
- Garlic improves the fluidity of blood
- Two garlic capsules
J. VITAMIN D:-
- Daily intake of 3,000 IU of Vitamin D.
K. PINE BARK EXTRACT:-
- Active ingredient.
- Grape seeds
L. NETTLE:-
- Nettle part of hypertension therapy
- Consume whole plant, make a tea or a pesto.
LIFESTYLE:-
REDUCE WEIGHT:-
SPORT FOR 60 MINUTES:-
- 20 minutes with 130 to 140 m Inf
- 25 minutes at pulse of 150-160
- End – 15 to 20 minutes at 130-140 pulse rate
- Ginger Water
- Green Tea
- Magnesium
REDUCE COFFEE/ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION:-
Coffee:-
- Regular consumption influencing hypertension
- Water(Lemon)
- Tea (Sage, Chamomile, Fennel)
ALCOHOL:-
- Reduce of alcohol consumption by 20 grams because BP reduction by 3 mmHg.
- Normalize BP by reducing alcohol to maximum of 20 grams per day.
STOP SMOKING:-
- promotes atherosclerosis
- heart attack — smoking is the main reason and stroke reason.
- Single cigarette increases BP by 5-20 mmHg for 20-30 minutes.
EXERCISE:-
- Not over 160/100 BP
- Blood sugar level, Lipid level, weight loss
- Endurance Sports (Jogging, Cycling, Swimming, Cross-Country skiing)
- Yoga/Gym – (Base – 140/90 – BP)
- Hike – 2 times per week
- HIIT – 95 – 100% HR
- Regular practice 30 minutes 3-4 times a week.